Rajsthan history

 Rajasthan is the largest state of India in terms of area. In the year 1949, it was included in India as a state. Rajasthan is called the 'Land of Kings' and 'Land of Princely States'. The grand palaces here are excellent examples of architecture. Rajasthan always attracts tourists towards itself. A lot of development took place here during the Rajputana rule. Rajasthan has been the land of glorious kings like Bappa Rawal, Rana Kumbha, Rana Sanga and Rana Pratap. 

The history of Rajasthan is about 5000 years old. It is divided into three parts. First ancient period, second medieval and third modern period. George Thomas was the first to use the word Rajputana. This land of Rajasthan is the birthplace of ancient civilizations. Stone Age and Indus Age civilizations developed here.

history of Rajasthan

In ancient times, some parts of Rajasthan meet the Vedic and Indus Valley civilization. Stone age articles were found in Bundi and Bhilwara districts of Rajasthan. The Matsya kingdom of the Vedic civilization is today's Jaipur city. The capital of the Matsya Kingdom was Viratnagar, which was named after its founder King Virat. Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli used to come under Sursen district in ancient times. His capital was Mathura. Post-Mauryan period sculptures and utensils were found during the excavation at Noh in Bharatpur.

During 700 AD, most parts of Rajasthan were occupied by Gurjars. His capital was Kannauj. The Gurjara Pratihara Empire protected Rajasthan from Arab invaders till almost 11th century. Traditionally, Brahmin Rajput, Jat, Meena, Yadav, Maurya rule, Gupta rule, Yavan-Shunga, Kushan, Hun and Vardhan empire ruled here. 

Rajput rule

Rajputs ruled some areas of Rajasthan in 1000 AD. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarain in the year 1991, but in the year 1192, Muhammad Ghori won the second important battle of Tarain. With this, a part of Rajasthan went under the Muslim rulers. By the 13th century, India was occupied by Muslim rulers. Most of the Rajput rulers started working for the Delhi Sultanate.

Although many Rajput rulers opposed the Arab invaders. Rana Hammir Singh recovered a large part of Rajasthan by defeating the Tughlaq dynasty in battle. At the same time, Rana Sanga united the Rajput kings and ended the Lodi dynasty, but unfortunately he was defeated in a battle with the Mughal emperor Babur. 

In the 15th century, Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a resident of Alwar, defeated the Afghan rulers 22 times in which the Mughal emperor Akbar was also there. However, Hem Chandra was killed in 1556 during the Second Battle of Panipat while fighting against the Mughals. During the reign of Akbar, many emperors accepted the Mughal Empire.  

Rise of the Rajputana Marathas

After the 17th century, the Mughal Empire began to decline, after which Rajputana came under Maratha influence. However, they could not remain in power for long. In fact, Rajput rulers accepted the British government to avoid instability and rebellion of Lagata states.

state of rajasthan after independence

After two years of independence, a big state like Rajasthan was formed. However, this was possible only in seven steps. In March 1948, Matsya Sangh was formed by merging the native princely states named Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli.

On March 25, 1948, Banswara, Bundi, Dungarpur, Jhalawar, Kishangarh, Kota, Pratapgarh, Shahpur and Tonk were included in the Rajasthan Union. In the third phase (April 1948) Udaipur was included in the state. Maharana was made its Rajpramukh. During the fourth phase (March 1949), Jodhpur, Jaipur, Jaisalmer and Bikaner were added to the Rajasthan Union.

The fifth phase was completed in May 1949, during which the Matsya Union was merged with Rajasthan. Sirohi Riyasak was also merged in the sixth phase and the last i.e. seventh phase took place on November 1, 1956, during which Abu Dilwara was merged. 

Geographical location of Rajasthan

Rajasthan is situated in the north western part of the country. Tropic of Cancer touches its southern part Banswara and Dungarpur. The normal temperature here in the summer season is 23 to 46 degree centigrade. The area of ​​Rajasthan is 3,42,349 square kilometers. This state is divided into four geographical regions.

1. Thar Desert in the west 2. Aravalli ranges 3. Plains in the east and 4. Plateau of Hadoti in the south east. 

Rajasthan borders Pakistan in the west, Gujarat in the southwest, Madhya Pradesh in the southeast, Punjab in the north, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in the northeast. Rajasthan has 33 districts with a population of 6.89 crores as per the 2011 census. In which the number of women is about 3.5 crore and the number of men is 3.2 crore.

Other interesting facts of Rajasthan

• Rajasthan came into existence on March 30, 1949. That's why Rajasthan Foundation Day is celebrated every year on 30 March. 
• Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was founded by Raja Jai ​​Singh II.
• India's only brackish water river Luni passes through the Thar Desert of Rajasthan.
• The first nominated Chief Minister of Rajasthan was Hiralal Shastri while the first elected Chief Minister was Tikaram Paliwal. 
• The first governor of Rajasthan was Sardar Gurmukh Nihal Singh, who took over on November 1, 1956, after the reorganization of the princely states.
• Colonel James Tod called this state Raithan. In fact, in local parlance, the residence of the kings was called Raithan.